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		<title>Tarpan: one &#8220;Heck&#8221; of a story</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/21/tarpan-one-heck-of-a-story/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/21/tarpan-one-heck-of-a-story/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 20:52:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boddaert]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feral]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gmelin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heck]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[konik]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Tarpan]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Tarpans, may have well been the last surviving population of European wild horses, or maybe not! The Tarpan, whether ancestor of modern day horses, or just another feral population, lives on in the genes of the equids extant today. Konik, Hegardt, Heck or whatever else we choose to call our modern day interpretation of the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2521&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;" align="JUSTIFY">Tarpans, may have well been the last surviving population of European wild horses, or maybe not!</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The Tarpan, whether ancestor of modern day horses, or just another feral population, lives on in the genes of the equids extant today. Konik, Hegardt, Heck or whatever else we choose to call our modern day interpretation of the Tarpan, we must not forget they went extinct not too long ago. Although the Heck brothers believed that they could back-breed the Tarpan into extancy, and despite their wonderful results, this thinking is fundamentally flawed. There is a general lack of supporting evidence to claim that the Tarpan was a true wild horse, evidence (&#8230;) “is limited to osteological material of two specimens and it has not been reliably identified with Pleistocene or Holocene local populations,” so it does not come as a surprise that “its status as a wild rather than a feral form is disputed.” Grubb (2005). It seems at times that the movement to consider the Tarpan finally back-bred into existence is possibly plagued by issues of natural pride, or even romantic naturalistic views of re-wilding our landscapes with Pleistocene portraits.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It was German Naturalist, Johann Friedrich Gmelin who first described the Tarpan in 1774  after his observations of these animals  in the region of Borbrovsk, near <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/European_Russia_laea_location_map.svg/245px-European_Russia_laea_location_map.svg.png">Vornezh</a> in 1769. Gmelin (1774) described these horses: &#8220;hardly as large as the smallest Russian&#8221;; with very thick heads, pointed ears, short frizzly mane, and &#8220;tail-hair shorter&#8221; than in domestic horses. They were mouse-coloured, with white or ashy-grey belly, and the limbs black from the knees and hocks down. The hair was very long and thick. Gmelin and the peasants assisting him killed a stallion and two mares, together with a Russian mare that had run wild with the herd, and captured the hybrid she had produced as well as a pure-bred foal.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" title="Steppentarpan (Equus ferus gmelini); 1883" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Steppentarpan_Equus_ferus_gmelini.jpg" alt="" width="652" height="559" /></p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">Following the description provided by Professor Gmelin, Pieter Boddaert named and published the species <em>Equus ferus</em> in 1784. Funnily enough in 1912, Helmut Otto Antonius, unaware of Boddaert&#8217;s lead, published a new species <em>Equus gmelin</em>i, also based on the Gmelin&#8217;s descriptions. In taxonomical terms<em> Equus gmelini</em> is considered a junior objective symonym of <em>Equus ferus</em>. By a strict application of the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the Tarpan, if truly believed to be the direct ancestor of modern day equines ought to be named <em>E. caballus</em>, or if considered a subspecies, <em>E. caballus ferus</em>.</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">It seems that debate has not dissipated, and the letter of the rule has been largely ignored, applying <em>E. ferus</em> for the Tarpan to avoid possible confusion with its domesticated cousins,  <em>E. caballus</em>.</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">Other taxonomical synonyms accumulated over the years are: <em>Equus caballus ferus</em> (Boddaert, 1785), <em>Equus equiferus</em> Pallas, 1811, <em>Equus sylvestris</em> Brincken, 1828, <em>Equus ferus sylvestris</em> (Brincken, 1828), <em>Equus caballus sylvestris</em> (Brincken, 1828), <em>Equus gmelini</em> Antonius, 1912, <em>Equus ferus gmelini</em> (Antonius, 1912), <em>Equus caballus gmelini</em> (Antonius, 1912), and <em>Equus gmelini silvatica</em> Vetulani, 1927, <em>Equus tarpan</em> Pidoplichko, 1951.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The last Tarpan died in captivity in Russia in 1909. The photo below was taken in 1884 and is the only known photo of the so called Tarpan. This particular stallion was caught near Kherson (Ukraine) and later purchased by the Moscow Zoo where it died at the age of 21.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" title="Last surviving tarpan" src="http://www.nextnature.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Picture-35-530x366.png" alt="" width="649" height="450" /></p>
<p>A review of the literature surrounding the Tarpan is fuzzy, and two principal lines of thought can be summarized:</p>
<p>1. Tarpans are considered the direct descendants of a wild population from Pleistocene times.</p>
<p>2. Tarpans were nothing more than feral horses.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In 2003, the ICZN &#8220;conserved the usage of 17 specific names based on wild species, which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic forms&#8221;, confirming <em>E. ferus</em> for the Tarpan. Taxonomists who consider the domestic horse a subspecies of the wild Tarpan should use <em>Equus ferus caballus</em>; the name <em>Equus caballus</em> remains available for the domestic horse where it is considered to be a separate species. It has stipulated that <em>ferus</em> is not invalid but has not specified explicitly what name is to be used for the species by those who consider <em>E. caballus </em>and <em>E. ferus</em> to be conspecific (see Bock, 1997). Material evidence that <em>ferus</em> is a distinct form of wild horse is limited to osteological material of two specimens and it has not been reliably identified with Pleistocene or Holocene local populations (Forsten, 1988). Its status as a wild rather than a feral form is disputed (e.g. Epstein, 1971) and it is not regarded as ancestral to domestic horses by Kuz&#8217;mina (1997). Accordingly <em>ferus</em> is here treated as a subspecies of <em>E. caballus</em>. The systematics of <em>ferus </em>needs to be more thoroughly reviewed. (Grubb, 2005).</p>
<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The pseudo-tarpans</h2>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Heck horse</strong> &#8211; The german zoologists; Heinz Heck and Lutz Heck proposed to resurrect the extinct Tarpan by combining and rearranging the genetic material<strong>, </strong>through selective breeding, of hypothesized descendants of the ancestral Tarpan that had gone extinct in the wild in the 1890&#8242;s. In their breeding-back program they selected Konik, Gotland,  and Icelandic mares. These mares were bred to a Przewalski Stallion<strong>, </strong>and the first colt was born around 1933 in Tierpark Hellabrunn, Munich.<strong></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Konik pony </strong>- In 1936, these groups of small, tarpan-like horses caught the attention of Tadeusz Vetulani, a professor at Poznan University.  He gathered up the most suitable candidates to concentrate their primitive characteristics in an attempt to breed-back the tarpan. He named these horses &#8220;koniks&#8221; which is the Polish word for small horses. They were short, some 110–130 cm high at the shoulder, frequently having a dun (mouse-gray) coat and a dark stripe down their backs, and often striped limbs.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Hegardt horse</strong> &#8211; In the 1950&#8242;s Harry Hegardt gathered up American mustangs with tarpan-like characteristics to create his own stable of <em>Equus ferus ferus </em>- never mind that mustangs are descended from Spanish riding horses that had been domesticated for centuries.</p>
<h2></h2>
<h2>Biblio</h2>
<p>A list of references used in conjunction with those already listed in our <a href="http://equilibregaia.com/library/biblioequines/">Biblio Page</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Groves, C.P. 1986. The taxonomy, distribution and adaptations of recent Equids. Pages 11-65 in Richard H.Meadow and Hans-Peter Uerpmann, eds., <em>Equids in the Ancient World.</em> Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong></strong>Grubb, Peter ( 2005). &#8220;Order Perissodactyla&#8221;. In Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. <em>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</em> (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Groves, C.P. &amp; Willoughby, D.P. 1981. Studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus <em>Equus, </em>1: subgeneric classification of the recent species.<em> Mammalia </em>45:321-354.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Smith, C.H. 1841. The Natural History of Horses. Jardine&#8217;s Naturalist&#8217;s Library, Mammalia, V.12. WH Lizars. Edinburgh</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Wallner, B., Brem, G., Muller, M. and Achmann, R. (2003): Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between <em>Equus przewalskii </em>and<em> Equus caballus</em>. Animal Genetics 34: 453 – 456</p>
<p><strong>Websites of interest and online references:</strong></p>
<p>The Extinction Website. <a href="http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/tarpan.htm" rel="nofollow">&#8220;Equus ferus ferus&#8221;</a>. <em>Recently Extinct Animals</em>.</p>
<p>Tarpan. (2012, May 15). In <em>Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved 17:39, May 21, 2012, from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarpan&amp;oldid=492617381">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarpan&amp;oldid=492617381</a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Steppentarpan (Equus ferus gmelini); 1883</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Last surviving tarpan</media:title>
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		<title>Odie The Pekinese: Awaiting On Death Row</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/17/2465/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/17/2465/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 14:12:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged from Roger Abrantes: Odie, an ugly duckling of a Pekinese, was awaiting his turn on death row. A twist of fate meant Odie survived his death sentence and, one year later, he had turned into a beautiful wolf. Odie came to me on an odd day, one of those rainy, grey days, when the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2465&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="reblog-post"><p class="reblog-from"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/28a29850cba038f36ed199c5e53762a4?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /> <a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/odie-the-pekinese-awaiting-on-death-row/">Reblogged from Roger Abrantes:</a></p><div class="wpcom-enhanced-excerpt"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/odie-the-pekinese-awaiting-on-death-row/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/pekingesef6.jpg?w=690&h=300" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-full" /></a>
<p>Odie, an ugly duckling of a Pekinese, was awaiting his turn on death row. A twist of fate meant Odie survived his death sentence and, one year later, he had turned into a beautiful wolf.</p>

<p><strong>Odie</strong> came to me on an odd day, one of those rainy, grey days, when the only thing you want to do is stay at home, listen to good music, watch the fire roaring in the fireplace, hold a hot cup of punch in your hands and feel sorry for yourself.</p>
 <p class="read-more"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/odie-the-pekinese-awaiting-on-death-row/" target="_self"><span>Read more&hellip;</span> 2,444 more words</a></p></div></div><div class="reblogger-note"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/673763f05a9cbeef46fbf78455b30f68?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /><div class='reblogger-note-content'>
Amazing lesson and beautifully wriiten story!
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		<title>Feral Horses &#8211; Venezuela Project</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/04/feral-horses-venezuela-project/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/04/feral-horses-venezuela-project/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 May 2012 21:53:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[horses]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Below is a recompilation of short video footages and photos from our Los Llanos (Venezuela) expedition in 2011.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2404&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Below is a recompilation of short video footages and photos from our Los Llanos (Venezuela) expedition in 2011.</p>
<p><span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/04/feral-horses-venezuela-project/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/bmR5fAgo_uI/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></p>
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		<title>LESLIE DESMOND en Barcelona</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/05/02/leslie-desmond-en-barcelona/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 02 May 2012 07:54:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Courses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[doma natural]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[    Una de las más reconocidas maestras de la doma natural en Estados Unidos, coautora con Bill Dorrance del libro “True Horsemanship Through Feel” llega por primera vez a España para impartir sus cursos. PROGRAMA Curso sobre los fundamentos de la comunicación con el caballo 16 junio, sábado mañana Presentación de Leslie Desmond Demostración [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2377&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<p align="JUSTIFY">Una de las más reconocidas maestras de la doma natural en Estados Unidos, coautora con Bill Dorrance del libro “True Horsemanship Through Feel” llega por primera vez a España para impartir sus cursos.</p>
<p>PROGRAMA</p>
<p><strong>Curso sobre los fundamentos de la comunicación con el caballo</strong></p>
<p><strong>16 junio, sábado mañana</strong></p>
<p>Presentación de Leslie Desmond</p>
<p>Demostración por parte de Leslie trabajando con dos caballos jóvenes.</p>
<p>(Esta demostración es para todos los alumnos de los diferentes cursos. Tanto los profesionales como los que hagan el curso con ganado aprovecharán mejor sus cursos si presencian el inicio de este curso. Es la oportunidad para que los alumnos se familiaricen con su lenguaje, términos y su forma de enseñar.)</p>
<p><strong>16 junio, sábado tarde</strong></p>
<p>Trabajo pie a tierra con cada caballo para preparar la sesión del domingo</p>
<p><strong>17 junio, domingo mañana y tarde</strong></p>
<p>En esta sesión se trabajarán los fundamentos de la comunicación ya montados.</p>
<ol>
<li>Asiento (como sentarse para poder sentir al caballo)</li>
<li>Ayudas, cómo pedir al caballo los giros, paradas, y movimientos laterales</li>
<li>Ejercicios para practicar en solitario, por parejas o en grupo.</li>
<li>La transición desde los conceptos básicos a un trabajo más avanzado</li>
<li>Aprenderemos los fundamentos de la doma western, suavidad, elegancia y precisión. Luego más velocidad.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Curso específico para profesionales</strong></p>
<p><strong>Del 19 al 22 de junio </strong></p>
<p>Clases a medida para entrenadores y instructores de equitación que sienten que no avanzan con sus caballos y están “atascados” o no pueden avanzar más allá de cierto nivel. Este trabajo exigirá mucho esfuerzo. Será muy claro, y el resultado será llegar a un estado de verdadero profesional que pueda ofrecer al caballo algo que realmente entienda.</p>
<p>Es la primera vez en España que tenemos la oportunidad de disfrutar de un curso específico para profesionales de la mano de quien autoridades como el Dr. Miller han definido como “clinician’s clinician” y cuya actividad principal en Estados Unidos es la formación de profesionales.</p>
<p>Este curso está pensado para quien haya decidido dedicar su vida a los caballos; profesores de equitación; Entrenadores de potros; Jinetes de competición…</p>
<p>Estamos diseñando este curso con Leslie a la vez que estamos abiertos a vuestras sugerencias. Las lecciones pueden ser personales o por parejas.</p>
<p>Si estás interesado en llegar a ser un excelente jinete o un gran entrenador, este curso está pensado para ti.</p>
<p>Los profesionales aprenderán a pedirle al caballo que suba o baje su cuello, flexionar laterales del cuello sin necesidad de fuerza o ayudas de elementos adicionales, a liberar todo su cuerpo para conseguir cualquier maniobra, avanzar con libertad y control de las paradas sin tensión. Cómo girar a derecha e izquierda sin presión. Mantener su cabeza en la posición adecuada sin tirar de su boca.</p>
<p>Trabajaremos además cómo ayudar al caballo que manifiesta algún problema…subir al remolque, ponerse de manos, cocear, morder, o cualquier otro que podamos encontrarnos en los caballos de nuestros clientes.</p>
<p>¿Es tu monta elegante? Lo será. Aprenderemos como sentir y aliviar presiones. Haremos del caballo tu compañero aprendiendo a ser uno.</p>
<p>Si tienes problemas con la salida al galope, cambios de mano, si se asusta del ganado, del agua, del tráfico. ¿Se mueve cuando montas o desmontas? ¿Puedes dejarlo atado? Leslie te pueda ayudar a solucionarlo.</p>
<p>Leslie está dispuesta a trabajar sobre cualquier cuestión que se le pueda plantear.</p>
<p>Leslie te pueda ayudar si tu caballo tiene miedo si le tocas sus pies o su grupa, ella sabrá detectar si el caballo actúa así porque tiene realmente miedo, o porque necesita más entrenamiento. Nos ayudará a reconocer las señales de miedo en sus pies, cabeza, cuello, pecho, lomo, cadera, etc. Hay muchas maneras de montar un caballo, Leslie nos explicará las técnicas y la filosofía que ella aprendió de Bill Dorrance.</p>
<p><strong>Curso de trabajo con ganado</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sábado 23 de Junio, mañana.</strong></p>
<p>Estudiaremos el comportamiento de los animales de huida…como ven, como piensan y como se mueven… una vez esto esté claro es más sencillo conseguir que el caballo trabaje bien para nosotros moviendo al ganado con control y sin estrés. Trabajaremos con respeto hacia los animales y buscando hacer de ello algo divertido.</p>
<p>Posición, planificación y preparación para poder mover los pies del caballo y de la res exactamente donde tú quieras.</p>
<p><strong>Sábado 23 de junio, tarde.</strong></p>
<p>Prácticas con los caballos y las reses: mover, observar, pensar, cambiar el enfoque para mantenerse en línea con el plan.</p>
<p><strong>Domingo 24 de junio, mañana.</strong></p>
<p>Trabajo con el ganado. Ejercicios en equipo. Coordinación y comunicación con los compañeros…</p>
<p><strong>Domingo 24 de junio, tarde.</strong></p>
<p>Separar y contener al ganado, control de la res que quiere volver al rebaño…</p>
<p><strong>Información e inscripciones <a href="mailto:graham@horsehouse.com">graham@horsehouse.com</a> <a href="mailto:Info@naturalhipic.com">Info@naturalhipic.com</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>Precios: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Curso Fundamentos de comunicación con el caballo, 250€</strong></p>
<p><strong>Curso para Profesionales (consultar)</strong></p>
<p><strong>Curso de trabajo con ganado, 300€</strong></p>
<p><strong>Colaboran en la organización de estos cursos:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Natural Hipic</strong></p>
<p><strong>Horse House</strong></p>
<p><strong>Centre Indiana</strong></p>
<p><strong>Equilibre Gaiá</strong></p>
<p><strong>AEETW </strong></p>
<p><strong>SRCHA</strong></p>
<p><strong>EQUIVE</strong></p>
<p lang="es-ES">
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		<title>Muzzle Grab Behavior in Canids</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/25/2375/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/25/2375/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2012 11:03:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muzzle Grab]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wolves]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged from Roger Abrantes: Muzzle grab in adult wolves (photo by Monty Sloan). A &#8220;Muzzle grab&#8221; is a common behavior shown by social canines, e.g. wolves (Canis lupus lupus), dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). The function of this behavior is to confirm a relationship rather than to settle a dispute. The more self-confident [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2375&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="reblog-post"><p class="reblog-from"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/28a29850cba038f36ed199c5e53762a4?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /> <a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/muzzle-grab-behavior-in-canids/">Reblogged from Roger Abrantes:</a></p><div class="wpcom-enhanced-excerpt"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/muzzle-grab-behavior-in-canids/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/adultmuzzlegrab.jpg?w=690&h=185" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-full" /></a><ul class="thumb-list"><li><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/muzzle-grab-behavior-in-canids/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/muzzlegrabmarco.jpg?w=72&h=72&crop=1" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/muzzle-grab-behavior-in-canids/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/puppymuzzlegrasp.jpg?w=72&h=72&crop=1" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li></ul>
<p><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?--></p>
<p>Muzzle grab in adult wolves (photo by Monty Sloan).</p>

<p><strong>A &#8220;Muzzle grab&#8221;</strong> is a common behavior shown by social canines, e.g. wolves (<em><a title="Gray wolf" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_wolf">Canis lupus</a> lupus</em>), dingoes (<em><a title="Dingo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingo">Canis lupus dingo</a>)</em>, and dogs (<em><a title="Dog" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog">Canis lupus familiaris</a>)</em>. <strong>The function of this behavior </strong>is to confirm a relationship rather than to settle a dispute. The more self-confident individual will muzzle grab a more insecure opponent and thus assert its social position.</p>
 <p class="read-more"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/muzzle-grab-behavior-in-canids/" target="_self"><span>Read more&hellip;</span> 802 more words</a></p></div></div><div class="reblogger-note"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/673763f05a9cbeef46fbf78455b30f68?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /><div class='reblogger-note-content'>
Absolutely amazing behavior! Very well explained and illustrated! A must for ethologists or anyone interested behavior.
</div></div>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Los caballos tienen cascos. Chuang Tzu</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/05/los-caballos-tienen-cascos-chuang-tzu/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/05/los-caballos-tienen-cascos-chuang-tzu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 15:57:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[caballos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cascos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chuang Tzu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poh Loh]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Creo que uno quien sepa gobernar el imperio no debiera hacerlo. - Chuang Tzu, c.300-400BC- Los caballos tienen cascos para portarles sobre hielo y nieve, pelo, para protegerse del viento y frió. Comen hierba y beben agua, levanta sus talones sobre la champaña. Tal es la verdadera naturaleza del caballo. No sirve de nada para ellos  la vida palaciega. Un día Poh Loh apareció diciendo, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2369&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h4><a href="http://equilibregaia.com/library/horses-have-hoofs-chuang-tzu-c-300-400bc/"><img class="alignright" src="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/english-flag.jpg?w=26&h=16" alt="" width="26" height="16" /></a></h4>
<h4></h4>
<h4>Creo que uno quien sepa gobernar el imperio no debiera hacerlo.</h4>
<h6 style="padding-left:540px;">- <em>Chuang Tzu, c.300-400BC-</em></h6>
<p><a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/chineseart/contents/arti/img/c01s01a12i12.jpg"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.ibiblio.org/chineseart/contents/arti/img/c01s01a12i12.jpg" alt="" width="740" height="331" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Los caballos tienen cascos para portarles sobre hielo y nieve, pelo, para protegerse del viento y frió. Comen hierba y beben agua, levanta sus talones sobre la champaña. Tal es la verdadera naturaleza del caballo. No sirve de nada para ellos  la vida palaciega.</p>
<p>Un día Poh Loh apareció diciendo, &#8220;Yo entiendo sobre la manutención de los caballos&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Asi que los marco con hierros, les corto el pelo, y igualo sus cascos, poniéndoles cabezadas, atando sus cabezas y encadenando sus pies, guardándolos en cuadras, con el resultado de que dos o tres de cada diez morían. De ahí guardó los hambrientos y sedientos, haciéndoles trotar y haciéndoles galopar, acicalados y recortados con la miseria de una brida de borla por delante, y el miedo de un látigo con nudos detrás, hasta que mas de la mitad se murieron.</p>
<p>El alfarero dice, &#8220;Puede hacer lo que quiero con barro. Si lo quiero redondo utilizo un compás; rectangular, un cuadro.&#8221;</p>
<p>El carpintero dice, &#8221; Puedo hacer lo que quiero con madera. Si lo quiero curva utilizo un arco; si recto, una linea.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">¿Pero bajo que fundamentos pensamos que las naturalezas del barro o la madera desean esta aplicacion de compás y cuadro, arco o linea? Sin embargo, cada epoca alaba Poh Loh por sus aptitudes en manejar caballos, y alfareros y carpinteros por sus habilidades con barro y madera&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://www.chinesepaintings.com/chinese-painting/ink/P0601449.jpg"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.chinesepaintings.com/chinese-painting/ink/P0601449.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="251" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Los caballos viven en tierra seca, comen hierba y beben agua. Cuando contentos, se rascan los cuellos entre ellos. Cuando enfafados, se giran y levantan sus pies uno al otro. Solo hasta alli les lleva su disposicion natural. Pero enbridados y enbocados, con una placa de metal sobre sus frentes, aprenden a proyectar miradas malignas, a girar la cabeza para morder, a resistir, a sacarse el bocado y entremeterlo en la brida. De este modo sus naturalezas se depravan &#8211; la falta de Poh Loh</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Chuang Tzu, c. 300 -400BC, traducido por Victor Ros del texto original de Herbert Giles</em></p>
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		<title>Xenophon-On horsemanship sp</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/05/xenophon-on-horsemanship-sp/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/04/05/xenophon-on-horsemanship-sp/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 00:13:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[caballos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horsemanship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jenofonte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[On Horsemanship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xenophon]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Una selección de refranes del libro &#8220;On Horsemanship&#8221; por Jenofonte, traducidos libremente por Victor Ros. &#8220;Una casa seria poco útil, por bonito que sean sus plantas superiores, si los cimientos no son los que deberían ser, por tanto habría poco que sacarle a un caballo, particularmente uno de guerra, si no esta sano sus pies, a pesar de otros puntos de excelencia, ya [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2354&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://equilibregaia.com/library/xenophon-on-horsemanship/"><img class="alignright  wp-image-2365" title="english flag" src="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/english-flag.jpg?w=19&h=12" alt="" width="19" height="12" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Una selección de refranes del libro &#8220;On Horsemanship&#8221; por Jenofonte, traducidos libremente por Victor Ros.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/youth_horse_dog_bm_sc2206.jpg?w=300"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/youth_horse_dog_bm_sc2206.jpg?w=1600&h=1179" alt="" width="1600" height="1179" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Una casa seria poco útil, por bonito que sean sus plantas superiores, si los cimientos no son los que deberían ser, por tanto habría poco que sacarle a un caballo, particularmente uno de guerra, si no esta sano sus pies, a pesar de otros puntos de excelencia, ya que no podría convertir ninguno de ellos a buena cuenta.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;A la vez molestias deberían ser tomadas por parte del propietario para asegurar que el potro es manso, tratable, y afectivo, cuando se le entrega a un entrenador profesional. Es una condición que mayoritariamente se puede llevar a cabo  en casa y por el mozo &#8211; si sabe hacer que el animal conecte hambre y sed y la molestia de moscas con estar aislado, y a la vez comida y bebida y poder huir de las molestias con la presencia del hombre. Como resultado de este tratamiento, necesariamente el caballo joven adquirirá &#8211; no simplemente simpatía, pero unas ansias absolutas por los humanos. Se puede conseguir un buen trato, tocando, acariciando y dando palmadas a esas partes donde la criatura así desea ser manejado. Estos son las partes mas peludas, o donde, si hay algo que le molesta, el caballo puede como mínimo aliviarse el solo.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;El mozo debería haber recibido para sacar a su carga por las multitudes, acostumbrándolo a todo tipo de objetos y ruidos; y si el potro muestra señales de aprehensión ante elles. el mozo deberá enseñarle &#8211; no con crueldad, si no con manejo gentil &#8211; que realmente no son tan formidables.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Pero si comida y ejercicio a vista de fortalecer el cuerpo del caballo son temas de primera consideración, no es menos importante prestar atención a los pies. Una cuadra con suelo liso y humedecido pudrirá el mejor casco que la naturaleza pueda dar.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/parthenonpanelgrooms.jpg?w=300"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://equilibregaia.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/parthenonpanelgrooms.jpg?w=450&h=340" alt="" width="450" height="340" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;El mejor precepto &#8211; la regla de oro &#8211; al tratar con un caballo es nunca acercarse a el de una forma enfadada. El enfado llevara al hombre hacer cosas que en un estado mas calmado le harían arrepentir. Por lo tanto, cuando un caballo evita cualquier objeto y se niega acercarse a el, le deberás enseñar que no hay nada de que temer, particularmente si es un animal asustadizo; a falto de, toca el objeto tu mismo, y luego le llevas con tranquilidad al objeto con ronzal . El plan opuesto de forzar a una criatura temerosa con golpes solo intensifica el miedo, el caballo mentalmente asocia el dolor que sufre en dicho momento con el objeto de sospecha, el cual considera naturalmente su causa.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> &#8221;Pero posiblemente no estas contento con un caballo útil de guerra. Te gustaría encontrar un animal para mostrar, un animal atractivo, con grandeza en su porte. Si es así, deberías abstener de pegarle estirones en la boca con el bocado, o aplicarle espuela o látigo - métodos adoptados comúnmente por personas para un efecto fino, pero de hecho consiguen todo lo contrario a sus metas. Es decir, arrastrándole la boca hacia arriba dejas el caballo ciego en vez de vivo hacia lo que tiene delante suyo; y los latigazos y espolazos distraen la criatura hasta el punto de asombro y peligro.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Entrenándolo para adoptar los mismos aires y sus gracias que asume naturalmente cuando presumiendo lo mejor de si, tiene a lo que aspiras &#8211; un caballo que disfruta de ser montado, un animal esplendido para mostrar, la felicidad de todos que le vean.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Para nosotros, sin embargo, la mejor forma de instrucción, como vamos repitiendo, es dejar que el caballo sienta que cualquier cosa que haga en obediencia a los deseos del jinete serán seguidos por descanso y relajación.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Siguiendo una declaración de Simón, lo que un caballo haga bajo compulsión lo hace a ciegas, y su espectáculo no seria mas bonito que la de una bailarina enseñado con látigo y palo. El espectáculo de hombres y caballos así tratados muestran gesticulaciones torpes en vez de elegancia y belleza. Lo que necesitamos es que el caballo de su propia voluntad nos muestre sus mejores aires y pasos a señales fijas.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;La majestuosidad de los hombres se descubre mejor en su trato grácil de estos animales.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Puedes leer la obra completa (en ingles) siguiendo este enlace:  <a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/x/xenophon/index.html">http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/x/xenophon/index.html</a></p>
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		<title>Should We Reinforce the Effort or the Results?</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/05/2267/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/05/2267/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:08:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reinforcement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reinforcer]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged from Roger Abrantes: Dog using its nose to search a target scent (photo from http://www.houndcrazy.com). If you ask, &#8220;should we reinforce effort or the results?&#8221; you are liable to get as many answers supporting one idea as the other. Supporters of reinforcing effort sustain that reinforcing results creates emotional problems when one doesn&#8217;t succeed [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2267&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="reblog-post"><p class="reblog-from"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/28a29850cba038f36ed199c5e53762a4?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /> <a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/should-we-reinforce-the-effort-or-the-results/">Reblogged from Roger Abrantes:</a></p><div class="wpcom-enhanced-excerpt"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/should-we-reinforce-the-effort-or-the-results/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/beagle1.jpg?w=690" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-full" /></a>
<p>Dog using its nose to search a target scent (photo from http://www.houndcrazy.com).</p>

<p>If you ask, <strong>&#8220;should we reinforce effort or the results?&#8221;</strong> you are liable to get as many answers supporting one idea as the other. Supporters of reinforcing effort sustain that reinforcing results creates emotional problems when one doesn&#8217;t succeed and decreases the rate of even trying. Supporters of reinforcing results maintain that reinforcing effort encourages sloppiness and cheating.</p>
 <p class="read-more"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/should-we-reinforce-the-effort-or-the-results/" target="_self"><span>Read more&hellip;</span> 2,271 more words</a></p></div></div><div class="reblogger-note"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/673763f05a9cbeef46fbf78455b30f68?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /><div class='reblogger-note-content'>
Another wonderful Blog from Dr. Abrantes!
</div></div>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>The Branching Bush of Horse Evolution</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/01/2252/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/01/2252/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 20:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged from Laelaps: Note: Welcome, visitors from The Sandwalk and Pharyngula! I am certainly humbled by the amount of praise and attention this post has received, and although it&#8217;s not as scientifically rigorous as I would have liked to be (I still have much to learn), I hope that you find it to be an [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2252&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="reblog-post"><p class="reblog-from"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/000c4eeec04deb7a29597d8aeccee050?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /> <a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/">Reblogged from Laelaps:</a></p><div class="wpcom-enhanced-excerpt"><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/hyracoknight.jpg?w=690" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-full" /></a><ul class="thumb-list"><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/eohippusrest.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/marshcliqe.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/marchgeneofhorse.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/escottioutcrop.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/escottimounted.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/oldhorsetreegidley.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/equidrangedistrib.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/horseevosimple.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/stirtonhorsephylo.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/mcfaddenhorsephylo.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/quinnhorsephylo.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/mercyhippus.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/eohippustoequus.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><img src="http://laelaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/mcfaddenhorsephylo2005.jpg?w=72&crop=1&h=72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li></ul>
<p>Note: Welcome, visitors from The <a href="http://sandwalk.blogspot.com">Sandwalk</a> and <a href="http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula">Pharyngula</a>! I am certainly humbled by the amount of praise and attention this post has received, and although it&#8217;s not as scientifically rigorous as I would have liked to be (I still have much to learn), I hope that you find it to be an enjoyable read all the same. </p>
<p>Update: I&#8217;ve created something of an appendix to this article about how creationists have presented horse evolution in some of their books.</p>
 <p class="read-more"><a href="http://laelaps.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-branching-bush-of-horse-evolution/" target="_self"><span>Read more&hellip;</span> 6,007 more words</a></p></div></div> ]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Dominance—Making Sense of the Nonsense</title>
		<link>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/01/2246/</link>
		<comments>http://equilibregaia.com/2012/02/01/2246/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 22:02:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Victor Ros</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articulos/Articles]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged from Roger Abrantes: The possible combinations of aggressive, fearful, dominant and submissive behavior in social canines (From &#34;Dog Language&#34; by Roger Abrantes, illustration by Alice Rasmussen). Copyrighted illustration. The discussion on dominance has run away with us. There is only one thing more absurd and futile than that of taking pains to prove that [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=equilibregaia.com&#038;blog=3356586&#038;post=2246&#038;subd=equilibregaia&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="reblog-post"><p class="reblog-from"><img alt='' src='http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/28a29850cba038f36ed199c5e53762a4?s=25&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D25&amp;r=G' class='avatar avatar-25' height='25' width='25' /> <a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/dominance-making-sense-of-the-nonsense/">Reblogged from Roger Abrantes:</a></p><div class="wpcom-enhanced-excerpt"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/dominance-making-sense-of-the-nonsense/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/doglanguageabc6001.jpg?w=690&h=300" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-full" /></a><ul class="thumb-list"><li><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/dominance-making-sense-of-the-nonsense/" target="_self"><img src="http://s0.wp.com/imgpress?url=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F7%2F7e%2FBow_bow.jpg%2F300px-Bow_bow.jpg&w=690&resize=72,72" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li><li><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/dominance-making-sense-of-the-nonsense/" target="_self"><img src="http://rogerabrantes.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/wolfpack01.jpg?w=72&h=72&crop=1" alt="Click to visit the original post" class="size-thumb" width="72" height="72" /></a></li></ul>
<p>The possible combinations of aggressive, fearful, dominant and submissive behavior in social canines (From &quot;Dog Language&quot; by Roger Abrantes, illustration by Alice Rasmussen). Copyrighted illustration.</p>

<p>The discussion on dominance has run away with us. There is only one thing more absurd and futile than that of taking pains to prove that dominance exists and this is to attempt to prove that dominance does not exist.</p>
 <p class="read-more"><a href="http://rogerabrantes.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/dominance-making-sense-of-the-nonsense/" target="_self"><span>Read more&hellip;</span> 4,333 more words</a></p></div></div> ]]></content:encoded>
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